Evolving artificial neural networks using an improved PSO and DPSO

This paper presents an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and discrete PSO (DPSO) with an enhancement operation by using a self-adaptive evolution strategies (ES). This improved PSO/DPSO is proposed for joint optimization of three-layer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) structure and parameters (weights and bias), which is named ESPNet. The experimental results on two real-world problems show that ESPNet can produce compact ANNs with good generalization ability. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.